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Proposed Amendments To Land Titles (Strata) Act - 26 April 2010
April 2010 | Real Estate | Property Notes

Norman HO
Charmaine SEAH

The amendments to the Land Title (Strata) Act were tabled in Parliament on 26 April 2010. The proposed revisions aim to clarify the collective sale procedures to simplify the process, to ensure due process and to balance the interests of owners. This article details the various proposed amendments.

(1) Roles and powers of the Strata Titles Board (the "Board") and the High Court
 

Under the current regime, the Board assesses all collective sale applications and is empowered to make rulings where objections to the sale arise. The proposed changes seek to reduce costs and time taken in resolving these disputes by redefining the role of the Board to a mediatory one, and allowing disputing parties to apply directly to the High Court thereby avoiding the need to go through the adjudication process by the Board. These changes are a response to recent highly acrimonious and long-drawn en bloc applications.

Unless otherwise stated, the proposed changes below apply to all applications made to the Board on or after the date the proposed amendments come into operation (the "Date of Commencement").

  (a) Maximum of 60 days mediation
   

The proposed section 84A(2A) states that every collective sale application must be made to the Board at first instance. Where there are any objections filed by minority owners relating to the said application, the Board must mediate on such objections within 60 continuous days under the proposed section 84A(6A).

If the objections are withdrawn before the end of the stipulated 60 days, the Board must approve the application and order the collective sale unless the Board is satisfied that the transaction is not good faith after taking into account the factors listed in section 84(A)(9).

This change does not apply to applications that have been made to the Board prior to the Date of Commencement.

  (b) Stop order
    Under the proposed section 84A(6B), the Board must issue a stop order with respect to the collective sale application if
    (i) at the end of the period of 60 days or
    (ii) mediation has proceeded as far as it reasonably can but has nevertheless failed to resolve the dispute,
   

whichever first occurs, one or more of the objections remain not withdrawn.

Essentially, this means that all proceedings before it in connection with the application will be discontinued. No stop order shall be made unless the Board has given notice to every objector and to the authorised representatives of the applicants of its intention to make such an order and if, at the end of a period of seven days after the service of such notice, one or more of the objections so filed remain not withdrawn.

  (c) Application to High Court
    If, and only if, the stop order is issued by the Board, the subsidiary proprietors in favour of the collective sale may then apply to the High Court for an order approving the collective sale, within 14 days after the stop issue is ordered. Only persons who had filed objections against the application to the Board are entitled to re-file their objections at the High Court, which shall state the same grounds of objections. These are provided under the proposed sections 84A(2B) and 84A(4A).
  (d) Factors affecting order for sale
    Under the proposed section 84A(7), the High Court must make an order for the sale unless it is satisfied that:
    (i) any objecting subsidiary proprietor will incur a financial loss; or
    (ii) the proceeds of sale for any flat to be received by any objecting subsidiary proprietor, mortgagee or chargee are insufficient to redeem any mortgage or charge in respect of the flat.
   

These are the same factors the Board currently take into account in the adjudication process.

The Board or the High Court shall also refuse a collective sale application if:

    (i) it is satisfied that the transaction is not made in good faith after taking into account the sale price, the method of apportionment of sale proceeds and the relationship of the purchaser to any of the subsidiary proprietors; or
    (ii) if the sale and purchase agreement would require any minority subsidiary proprietor to be a party to any arrangement for the development of the property lots and the common property in the strata title plan.
    Under the proposed section 84A(9)(b), the High Court may also refuse a collective sale application if the sale committee does not consent to any order made by the High Court that the sale proceeds to be received by an objector to the collective sale application be increased. Similar to the existing powers of the Board, the High Court can, where it is just and equitable, order each subsidiary proprietor to contribute 0.25% of his sale proceeds or S$2,000, whichever is higher towards increasing the sale proceeds of the objector.
  (e) Power to request for information/documents
    Under the proposed sections 84A(5) and 84A(5A), the Board or the High Court (as the case may be) is empowered to summon any person whom it is of the view is connected to the sale to attend before it to produce information or documents which is deemed to be relevant in assisting it in its assessment of the collective sale application.
  (f) Power to order to bind minority to costs related to the sale
    Under the proposed section 84A(11), in approving a collective sale application, the Board and the High Court each are empowered to order or direct minority owners to share in the costs of the collective sale, notwithstanding that they did not sign the collective sale agreement.
  (g) Removal of power of Board to determine compensation payable to lessee
   

Currently, section 84B allows a subsidiary proprietor who had leased out his lot to apply to the Board to determine the amount of compensation payable to the lessee. It has been proposed that this section be repealed thereby removing the power of the Board to arbitrate on such an issue.

The rationale behind the proposed removal is that in practice, most tenancy agreements already contain provisions addressing early termination in the event of a collective sale affecting the tenanted unit. Parties can easily settle the issue of compensation for the displaced lessee through contractual agreements. Further, for the Board to adjudicate on such an issue would be incompatible with its redefined primary role as mediator.

(2) Streamlining the collective sale process
  (a) Reducing number of extraordinary general meetings ("EOGM")
   

Changes have been proposed to be made to paragraph 7 of the Third Schedule to do away with certain EOGMs previously required to be held by the sale committee. Currently, EOGMs are required to be held to inform subsidiary proprietors of the consent level, the sale proposal and process, the number of bids and bid amounts, and the terms and conditions of the sale and purchase agreement with the eventual buyer. Since no decision is required of the subsidiary proprietors at such meetings, such updates will instead be done by way of a simple owners' meeting which are easier to call and do not incur any costs. This change applies to all updates on the specified items carried out on or after the Date of Commencement.

While EOGM requirements relating to the appointment of lawyers and property consultants and to the approval of the apportionment method and terms and conditions of the collective sale agreement are retained, paragraph 7(1) will also be amended to clarify previously ambiguous expressions. Instead of using the words "to consider", the language of the provision is now to appoint lawyers, property consultants and to approve the apportionment method and terms and conditions of the collective sale agreement.

  (b) Removal of non-consenting sale committee member
    The Third Schedule is further amended to empower the sale committee, by a simple majority, to remove any member of the committee who has not signed the collective sale agreement when an application has been made to the Board for approval of that collective sale. As the sale committee represents the majority owners in the application to the Board, the presence of a non-consenting owner in the sale committee will give rise to a conflict of interest. This amendment thus helps to expedite the application process. This proposed amendment applies to all existing and future sale committees.
  (c) Waiting time required to achieve quorum
   

Amendments to paragraph 5 of the Second Schedule provide that an EOGM convened for the purposes of a collective sale will stand automatically dissolved if the requisite quorum (i.e.: owners representing at least 30% of the aggregate share value) is not present within an hour after the start of the EOGM. Under the existing regime, the EOGM cannot proceed if the quorum is not present at the appointed time of the meeting.

The proposed amendment ensures that there is sufficient representation from subsidiary proprietors to discuss issues relating to the proposed collective sale. This proposed amendment applies to all EOGMs held on or after the Date of Commencement, including those EOGMs for which notices have already been served.

  (d) Placing of notices
   

Currently, subsidiary proprietors are kept informed of the proposed collective sale application by way of notices which have to be placed in their mail boxes. Some sale committees have faced difficulties in complying with such a requirement as some mailboxes are locked to prevent junk mail. Only the postal service has access to the mailboxes. The proposed amendment to the First Schedule allows the aforementioned notices to be sent by ordinary mail. Copies of the documents may also be obtained directly from the marketing agent or the sale committee.

This proposed change applies to all sale committees that have yet to serve the relevant notices, on or after the Date of Commencement.

  (e) Furnishing of strata roll by management corporation
    It has also been proposed that section 47 of the Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act be amended to require a management corporation to furnish the sale committee strata roll information concerning the various lots comprised in the strata title plan upon application by the sale committee and payment of the prescribed fee. This express provision prevents uncooperative management corporations from withholding such information and thereby delaying the collective sale process.
(3) Two year restriction period after a failed attempt
 

The proposed amendments under the Second Schedule raises the level of support for a requisition for an EOGM to be held to discuss a collective sale, if the proposed meeting is held within two years of a previous failed attempt happening on or after the Date of Commencement. This proposed requirement serves to prevent the depletion of management corporation funds and to discourage repeated attempts to convene EOGMs to restart the collective sale process when there is insufficient interest from the owners.

Currently, the council of a management corporation shall pursuant to a requisition for an EOGM signed by subsidiary proprietors who represent not less than 20% of the aggregate share value of all the lots in the strata title plan or who form not less than 25% of the total number of subsidiary proprietors, convene the EOGM regardless of when the requisition is made.

Under the proposed amendments, the first requisition in that period of two years after a failed attempt (i.e.: the first retry) must be made by at least 50% of the aggregate share value of all the lots in the strata title plan or by subsidiary proprietors who form not less than 50% of the total number of subsidiary proprietors. The requisition pursuant to a second or subsequent attempt within the two years must be made by at least 80% of the aggregate share value of all the lots in the strata title plan or by subsidiary proprietors who form not less than 80% of the total number of subsidiary proprietors.

A "failed attempt" means an instance where:

  (a) a quorum for the EOGM to discuss a collective sale is not met;
  (b) the motion for a collective sale is defeated at the EOGM;
  (c) the collective sale agreement expires without an application to the Board or the High Court being made or approved;
  (d) the sale committee is dissolved pursuant to the proposed paragraph 12(2) of the Third Schedule (see paragraph 5(b) of this article); or
  (e) all the members of the sale committee are removed without replacement.
 

At the end of the two year restriction period, the requisition level will reset to the usual level of 20% by share value or 25% of the total number of owners. The next failed attempt with be deemed a first retry for which a fresh two year restriction period will apply.

This proposed amendment applies to all failed attempts which occur on or after the Date of Commencement.

(4) Disclosure of relevant information by sale committee
  (a) Types of interests and circumstances giving rise to conflict of interest
   

The amendments to the Third Schedule expand the disclosure requirements of persons standing for election to the sale committee. Currently, a person standing for election only has to disclose any interest in any property developer, property consultant, marketing agent or legal firm.

The additional requirements under the proposed amendments compel the potential committee member to also disclose the nature and extent of any conflict of interest of potential conflict of interest arising from:-

    (i) his holding of any office;
    (ii) his interest in any contract, whether alone or together with any of his associates;
    (iii) his possession or ownership in the development whether alone or together with any associates;
    (iv) any direct or indirect relationship he or any associate of his has with any property developer, property consultant, marketing agent or legal firm;
    (v) the holding of any office by any of his associates;
    (vi) his associate's interest in a contract; or
    (vi) his associates’ possession or ownership in the development.
    "Associates" is defined in full under the proposed paragraph 6 of the Third Schedule, and briefly includes:-
    (i) a relative;
    (ii) a related company in which the potential committee member holds at least 5% voting power;
    (iii) a person acting in accordance with the directions of the potential committee member; or
    (iv) a person whose directions the potential committee member acts in accordance with.
  (b) Making of declarations
   

The potential committee member must make the relevant declaration at an EOGM before he is elected failing which his election is void.

For sale committees constituted prior to the Date of Commencement, purely as a transition arrangement, standing sale committee members have to make the relevant declarations within 30 days of the Date of Commencement. For sale committees constituted before, on or after the Date of Commencement, a member of a sale committee must also declare to the chairperson of the committee any conflict of interest or potential conflict of interest within seven days after he becomes aware of it. For both scenarios, the sale committee shall affix the declaration to a conspicuous part of each building in the development within seven days of the making of the declaration.

The proposed amendments allow the owners to make a more informed choice on who they want to elect into their sale committee and encourage transparency in the collective sale process. However, they do not apply to applications that have been made to the Board prior to the Date of Commencement.

(5) Removal of ambiguities
  (a) Developments with only two subsidiary proprietors
    Where there are only two subsidiary proprietors in a strata development, both of them will be members of the sale committee. The proposed paragraph 8 of the Third Schedule clarifies the position in the event of a deadlock by providing that the sale committee's decision will then be based on the decision of the subsidiary proprietor who owns more than 50% of the aggregate share value of all lots in the strata development.
  (b) Tenure of sale committee
   

The proposed paragraph 12 of the Third Schedule clarifies that in the case where a sale committee has not received any signatories to its collective sale agreement within a period of 12 months after it is constituted, the sale committee will dissolve automatically.

For existing sale committees that have not collected any valid signatures for the collective sale agreement as of the Date of Commencement, the 12-month period begins on the Date of Commencement, regardless of how long the sale committee has been in office. For sale committees constituted after the Date of Commencement, the 12-month period will begin on the day the sale committee was elected at an EOGM.